《植物生理学报》 2018, 54(11): 1645-1658

丛枝菌根中养分转运、代谢、利用与调控研究的最新进展

王浩^1,4, 方燕^1,2, 刘润进³, 陈应龙^1,2,4,*

¹中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌712100; ²西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌712100; ³青岛农业大学菌根生物技术研究所, 山东青岛266109; ⁴中国科学院大学, 北京100049

通信作者：陈应龙；E-mail: yinglongchen@hotmail.com

摘　要：

丛枝菌根(AM)是球囊菌门(Glomeromycota)真菌与植物根系形成的互惠共生体。AM真菌与植物之间的养分转运、代谢、利用与调控是两者建立共生体的基础, 也是两者互惠互利的重要生理机制。关于菌根共生体中碳氮养分转运与代谢特点已有较多报道, 而关于丛枝菌根养分转运、代谢、利用与调控研究最新进展尚缺乏全面、系统的论述。本文旨在介绍AM真菌与寄主植物间养分交换的种类与时空特征的基础上, 探讨AM共生体的养分转运、代谢和利用特点及其调控机制; 分析当前研究存在的主要问题与研究动向和展望, 以期为加强该领域研究、阐明AM真菌与寄主植物共生的生理机制, 为生物共生学研究和发展提供可借鉴的思路。

关键词：AM真菌; 共生; 信号分子; 养分代谢与调控

收稿：2018-08-01   修定：2018-10-24

资助：国家自然科学基金(31471946)和中科院“百人计划”(A315021449)。

Recent advances in the studies of nutrient transportation, metabolism, utilization and regulation in arbuscular mycorrhizas

WANG Hao^1,4, FANG Yan^1,2, LIU Run-Jin³, CHEN Ying-Long^1,2,4,*

¹Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; ²Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; ³Institute of Mycorrhizal Biotechnology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China; ⁴University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Corresponding author: CHEN Ying-Long; E-mail: yinglongchen@hotmail.com

Abstract:

Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) are mutualistic associations between Glomeromycota fungi and host plant roots. The processes involving transportation, metabolism, utilization and regulation of both inorganic and organic nutrients are the foundation of the symbionts, which are the critical physiological mechanisms of the mutual relationship between the AM fungi and host plants. The characteristics of the transportation and metabolism of nitrogen or carbon have been well documented in the literature. However, the latest progress on comprehensive and systematic review in relation to the studies of nutrient transfer, metabolism, utilization and regulation in AM associations remain unavailable. This review aims to introduce the nutrient-exchange forms and spatiotemporal characteristics between AM fungi and host plants, and summarize the characteristics of nutrient transport, metabolism and utilization and their regulatory mechanism in AM associations. The advances and prospects of the studies in this research topic are discussed. This study may enhance our understanding of the physiological mechanisms of the mutualisms between AM fungi and host plants, and promote future study in this research area.

Key words: arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi; symbiosis; signal molecules; nutrient metabolism and regulation